![]() ![]() The second form is transverse galloping, arising from aerodynamic instability of the bluff cross-sectional shape, so that small-amplitude oscillations generate forces which increase the amplitudes to large values. Oscillation phenomena are described, including capture of the vortex frequency by the structural response frequency over a discrete wind speed range and amplification and phase shift of the loading over this range. The first is vortex-induced bending oscillation, a type of resonant response to the periodic surface pressure loading caused by the discrete wake vortex street formed from the shear layers separating from the bluff cross-section. Forms of wind-induced instability of structures are described, and two of these, typical of long bodies with bluff cross-sections, are selected for more detailed consideration.
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